Archivio per la tag 'web design'
The Security of Web Server Software Programs
As with Web server operating systems, discussed in another article, “The more complex the Web server software is, the greater is the chance that something will go wrong.” Generally speaking, the more functionality and features that are provided by a Web server, the greater is the likelihood that there are security holes in the software.
Basic Web server software that merely provides access to static files is more secure than sophisticated Web server software that provides functions such as the execution of CGI scripts, the processing of server-side includes, the handling of scripted errors, and the dynamic listing of directories.
Web server software also differs in the degree of control accorded to browser users. Certain Web servers allow users access to only certain documents or directories or sub-directories, while some Web servers allow full access to everything. Some can be configured to allow access to certain directories according to the IP address of the client machine, or to individuals who know the right password. There are a few Web servers that offer data encryption, a necessity for e-commerce web sites. These are mainly commercial Web servers.
Here is some advice on how to make a Web server more secure:
- By their nature, Web servers have security holes. One of the most common causes of a breach of security is the CGI script. If you cannot get a CGI programming expert to check the scripts’ code, at least test the scripts to ensure that they verify the data entered by a browser user before granting access to confidential documents or any services provided by the Web server’s operating system.
- Configure the Web server carefully.
- Executable files should be allowed to run only in certain directories that you specify.
- Source code should not be stored anywhere where it can be downloaded.
- Automatic directory indexing should be switched off. If you use an external Web hosting company and you cannot switch it off, ensure that all accessible sub-directories contain a default file such as ‘index.html’ that redirects the browser to the home page.
- If you do not need them, disable Content Management Systems and other features that allow browser users to edit and manage files on remote Web servers, such as WebDAV, SMB, SharePoint, etc.
- Identify potential weak points by utilizing the security tools that come with the Web server software and the Operating System, such as the Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) Lockdown Tool and the URLScan security tool.
- Private and public information should be kept physically well apart. Confidential or sensitive data should not reside on the same machines as publicly accessible Web servers. Intranets should always be protected by a firewall, but extranets can be tricky, if you want to allow certain outsiders to have access to some private data. An extranet Web server should be located outside the firewall. (This is known as a “sacrificial lamb” configuration.) A variation is to set up paired “inner” and “outer” Web servers. Another possibility is to use a proxy, which intercepts requests and forwards them to the Web server, and then does the same in the reverse direction. Ideally, any publicly accessible Web server should be located on a machine other than that on which the firewall resides.
- A Web server logs all requests. Log files should be checked regularly for any unusual entries, and anything suspicious should be investigated.
- Users’ and user groups’ access should be restricted to only what they need. Set access levels and permissions accordingly by means of the operating system’s security software. For Unix systems, the Computer Oracle and Password System (COPS) checks for many common misconfigurations. (Network Administrators often create a user group called “www” for trusted users, such as Web authors, and only members of this group have ‘write’ permission for the document root directory and its sub-directories. For maximum security of the server root directory, which contains the system configuration files, the Network Administrator sometimes gives the Web Master a special “www” user status, the only one with ‘write’ permission for it.)
- Keep an eye on what users are doing on the network. Security holes can be created innocently by uninformed users if they install one of the many free Web servers that are readily available.
- Password policy should be sensible and adhered to. Simple passwords, based on birthdays or family names, etc., should be taboo. At the other extreme, the rules should not be so strict that passwords need to be written down in order to remember them. Passwords should be changed regularly, and default passwords should be changed immediately. Default accounts, e.g., “guest log-in”, should be eliminated. Extra care should be taken with privileged accounts, such as for administrators. Confidential documents, sensitive areas and administrative functions should always be password-protected.
- Security updates and patches should be installed immediately. This applies equally to the Operating System as to the Web server software. Automate these processes if possible, but, at least, be on the look-out for security alerts from the software suppliers.
- Any feature, server or interpreter that is not actually used should be uninstalled, or at least disabled. For example, remove the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server that Web servers usually provide, if you are not going to use it. Likewise, Trivial File Transfer Protocol (tftp), Network Information Services (NIS) clients, systat, finger, Networked File System (NFS), gopher, sendmail, and unneeded scripting languages and example scripts should go. For example, if the Web site does not use CGI scripts written in Perl, remove the Perl interpreter. Such items are just another security risk.
In summary, as can be seen clearly from the foregoing, whatever is not actually needed should be removed or disabled.
All rights reserved :: S Avery MSc BA(Hons) – Software Engineer and Web Designer :: Check your website security at website-security.biz.
Article from articlesbase.com
Easy To Earn Money with Home Based Business Ideas
Start your home based business, click here!
In the today’s era, internet brings a cluster full of opportunity to make money from your through the home based business. You can earn money from your home even without requiring any investment with just a little bit knowledge of computer and fluent English. Home based business is a new form of business successfully going on all around the world and many people are now earning thousands through it in just few hours. To make money from your home based business is one of the best ideas as in this you can enjoy being your own boss.
The rapid growth of internet has made it a fruitful medium for people earn money without spending hours in the boring office. Different kinds of works are available online. It is quite easy to start home based business, however it always requires proper home based business plan, and proper efforts for becoming successful in your business. It’s entirely up to your capability and hard work, which will lead you to the success.
There are various ideas for a home based business which can be implemented anywhere and anytime with a nominal setup with 100% proven ways.
Affiliate products are also known as CPA(Cost per Action) or CPL (Cost Per Lead)which is an affiliate program, where you advertise others company product via various advertising mediums including banner, Pay Per Impression(CPM),Pay Per Click(PPC), Pay Per View(PPV)etc. you can create your own SEO optimized website where you can add their product reviews. Here the profits earned are based upon the counts of the visitors to your website. So you must have understood the importance of Search Engine Optimization in online home based business. If you hire a SEO practice for your site then it would give you the traffic to help you earn a lot of money.
Freelancing is another widely grown home based business concept now days. There are various websites which provide freelancing like elance, odesk, freelancer etc. It is one of the most practiced and easiest methods to make money from home. It provides various aspects according to your interests like graphic design, Web design, writing or anything, so you can imply with that
Ecommerce is another flourishing home based business idea of making money. The foremost example of it is eBay, which makes simplest way for constant earning.
Online survey offer – it is one of another interesting ideas for a home based business. All you have to do is to fill up the forms. But be careful so that you won’t get scammed as there are many large numbers of scammers over the internet.
Networking – originally it was offline MLM but now it is popularly known as social media marketing.
The opportunities to make money from your home based business depend entirely upon the time you devote in this business. You can make this business either as a part time job or you can spend your full time in this. Anyone from a school going child to an old retired person can start with the home based business. So start with it and earn extra income for you and your family.
Start your home based business, click here!
I am happily married with a beautiful wife and 3 great kids! I am just a regular guy that loves God and my family! Growing up I made a lot of wrong choices which led me down the wrong path. I got mixed up in a lot of things and was headed on a downward spiral with no end in sight. Back in 2005 I got saved and gave my life to Jesus Christ. That has made all the difference for me and my family. My girls do not have to know the guy I used to be. I could not ask for a better life thanks to my Savior Jesus Christ. I now live life to the fullest everyday without worrying! I work as an entrepreneur and love the excitement of this job and the new things that I learn daily working for myself.
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ʚϊɞ_Dreaming Gurl_ʚϊɞ chiede: Come funzionano le liste di twitter?
ormai uso twitter da qualche mese e devo dire che lo adoro!mi trovo benissimo e sono diventata una twitter-addicted!però una cosa che non sono riuscita a capire è cosa sono queste liste..come funzionano?a che servono?
La migliore risposta che ho trovato è stata:
Answer by Matteo Scaramuzza
Le liste sono molto utili per seguire le news, per mettere in risalto le fonti più attendibili o semplicemente per segnalare i propri preferiti: ad esempio si potranno raggruppare in liste gli account dei giornali, dei web designer, dei SEO, di chi twitta le ricette di cucina, degli Hotel con offerte o lo staff di un’azienda.Con le Twitter List è possibile raggruppare i profili in base agli argomenti trattati, ai rapporti personali, alle professionalità, alla provenienza geografica e altro ancora.
Clicca qui se vuoi sapere come creare blog di successo!
I video tutorial di Easy Grafica. Creare un pianeta dall’effetto realistico con Photoshop CS2.
Video Rating: 4 / 5
Film Studies – A Focus On Critical Appreciation Of Film And Cinema
Some cinema theorists argue that its primary purpose is to understand how best to look at films and understand their meaning. The discipline forms part of the larger subject areas of media studies and cultural studies. The discipline is relatively new, its origins as a systematic body of thought dating back to the latter half of the twentieth century.
The subject is not focused on the technical aspects of film making or production. Rather it is concerned with exploring its non-technical aspects such as the narrative, aesthetics, artistic, ideological, cultural, economic, and political implications of cinema.
Graduates of cinema studies generally pursue a career in non-technical fields such as film criticism, journalism and media analysis. They also select the subject as a non-major component of programs of study focused on the technical aspects of film-making.
Given the dominance of Hollywood movie commercialism in shaping popular culture, the strong influence of European and other countries on movie production and theory may surprise many people. For example, the Moscow Film School established in 1919 was the first school focused on cinema anywhere in the world.
Similarly, the first serious cinema theorist is widely acknowledged to be Frenchman Andre Bazin (1918-1958). He started writing on the subject in 1943, during the World War II, and was a co-founder of the prominent magazine Cahiers du cinema in 1951 (together with Jacques Doniol-Valcroze and Joseph-Marie Lo Duca). His writings remain a major force in cinema theory and criticism today.
A four-volume compendium of his essays was published After his death between 1958 and 1962 and titled What is Cinema? (Qu’est-ce que le cinema?). A selection from these writings was translated into English; they were published as two volumes, one during the late-1960s and the other during early-1970s.
These two volumes became key texts for many film courses in the English-speaking world, but were never updated or revised. In 2009, a specialist Canadian publisher of film texts, Caboose, spotted an opportunity to take advantage of the relatively favorable copyright laws prevailing in Canada. Caboose compiled fresh translations of many of the most important essays and published them as a new single-volume with annotations by translator Timothy Barnard. That text became the only corrected and annotated edition of the original Bazin writings.
Bazin argued that the best objective for films was to attempt to present an objective reality. He therefore favored documentaries and films in the style of Italian neorealism. From a technical perspective he argued that directors should seek to make themselves invisible; advocated the use of deep focus or large depth of field (favored, for example by Orson Welles) and wide shots (Jean Renoir). Bazin also supported lack of montage, that is, extended continuity through mise en scene rather than montage editing and special effects. All of these Bazin viewpoints are challenged by the modern film studies community. Bazin is nevertheless celebrated as having been an original thinker in his time.
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